Test Content
1. Biological Chemistry
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1.1. The chemistry of living beings
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1.2. The biological importance of weak interactions
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1.3. The organic molecules present in organisms and their respective functions
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1.4. The role of enzymes
2. Cell Biology
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2.1. The cell as the basis of life
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2.2. Cell theory
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2.3. Cell dimensions
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2.4. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (animal and plant)
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2.5. Viruses
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2.6. The cell membrane
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2.6.1. Structure and functions
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2.6.2. Transport across the membrane
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2.7. Cellular structures and their specific functions
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2.8. Cell cycle and cell reproduction
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2.8.1. Mitosis and meiosis
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2.8.2. Chromosomal set and chromosomal maps
3. Reproduction and Genetics
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3.1. Reproduction and heredity
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3.2. Life cycles
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3.3. Sexual and asexual reproduction
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3.4. Mendelian genetics
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3.4.1. Mendel’s laws and their applications
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3.5. Classical genetics: chromosomal theory of heredity, models of inheritance
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3.6. Molecular genetics
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3.6.1. Structure and duplication of DNA
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3.6.2. Genetic code and protein synthesis
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3.6.3. Prokaryotic DNA
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3.6.4. Structure of the eukaryotic chromosome
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3.6.5. Genes and regulation of gene expression
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3.7. Human genetics
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3.7.1. Transmission of mono- and polyfactorial traits
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3.7.2. Autosomal and X-linked hereditary diseases
4. Evolution and Mutations
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4.1. Mutations
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4.2. Natural and artificial selection
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4.3. Evolutionary theories
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4.4. Genetic bases of evolution
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4.5. Heredity and environment
5. Biotechnology
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5.1. Recombinant DNA technology and its applications
6. Anatomy and Physiology
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6.1. Animal tissues
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6.2. Anatomy and physiology of systems and apparatuses in humans
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6.3. Interactions among systems
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6.4. Homeostasis
7. Bioenergetics
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7.1. The energy currency of cells: ATP
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7.2. Oxidation-reduction reactions in living beings
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7.3. Energy processes
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7.3.1. Photosynthesis
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7.3.2. Glycolysis
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7.3.3. Aerobic respiration
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7.3.4. Fermentation
